Key Takeaways
- Arthritis involves joint inflammation and cartilage wear, while tendonitis is inflammation of the tendons surrounding a joint.
- Symptoms differ: arthritis typically causes stiffness and deep joint pain, whereas tendonitis produces localized pain that worsens with movement.
- Diagnosis may include physical examination, imaging, and a review of symptoms to determine whether the joint or tendon is affected.
- Treatment options vary widely and may include physical therapy, medications, orthobiologic injections (PRP and BMAC), minimally invasive procedures, or joint replacement for severe arthritis.
- Dr. Christopher Swanson, a double board-certified orthopedic surgeon in Jacksonville, offers advanced diagnostic imaging, orthobiologic therapies, and joint-preserving treatments, along with joint replacement solutions supported by Enovis surgical technology to enhance precision, alignment, and long-term outcomes. Schedule an appointment to receive personalized care.
Understanding the Difference Between Arthritis and Tendonitis
Arthritis and tendonitis can feel similar in their early stages, but they come from two very different sources. Arthritis affects the joint itself, while tendonitis affects the tendons that connect muscle to bone. Understanding which condition you’re experiencing is the key to choosing the right treatment and preventing long-term damage.
Arthritis often develops gradually as cartilage wears away, leading to friction, stiffness, and swelling. Tendonitis, on the other hand, is typically caused by overuse or strain and can flare quickly, especially during repetitive movements.
Both conditions can limit your mobility, but with expert guidance, most patients can return to comfortable activity and protect their joint health long-term.
Symptoms of Arthritis vs. Tendonitis
Symptoms are among the most important clues for identifying whether your pain comes from arthritis or tendonitis.
Arthritis Symptoms
Arthritis leads to inflammation inside the joint, causing:
- Aching or throbbing pain
- Morning stiffness lasting longer than 30 minutes
- Swelling or warmth around the joint
- Reduced range of motion
- “Grinding” or clicking sensations due to cartilage wear
- Pain that worsens after rest
Arthritis most commonly affects the knees and shoulders, where cartilage degeneration can limit movement. Knee arthritis can cause difficulty walking or climbing stairs, while shoulder arthritis affects overhead movement and rotation.
Tendonitis Symptoms
Tendonitis involves inflammation of the tendons and often presents differently from arthritis. Symptoms may include:
- Sharp or localized pain during movement
- Tenderness when pressing on the tendon
- Pain that worsens with repetitive activity
- Mild swelling around the tendon
- Normal or near-normal joint motion, except when the tendon is stressed
Common locations for tendonitis include the rotator cuff in the shoulder and the patellar or quadriceps tendon around the knee.
Causes and Risk Factors
Understanding what leads to arthritis or tendonitis can help you identify patterns and reduce your risk.
What Causes Arthritis?
Arthritis develops when cartilage wears down, causing bones to rub against each other. Major contributors include:
- Age-related degeneration
- Previous injuries, such as meniscus tears or shoulder labral injuries
- Repetitive joint stress
- Genetics
- Altered biomechanics
Shoulder and knee arthritis often develops from past trauma, instability, or soft-tissue injuries.
What Causes Tendonitis?
Tendonitis usually results from overuse or repetitive strain. Risk factors include:
- Repetitive overhead motion (shoulder tendonitis)
- Running, jumping, or sudden directional changes (knee tendonitis)
- Poor conditioning or muscle imbalance
- Improper training or technique
- Sudden increase in physical activity
Compared to arthritis, tendonitis often appears suddenly and is strongly linked to activity patterns.
Arthritis vs. Tendonitis: A Side-by-Side Comparison
| Feature | Arthritis | Tendonitis |
|---|---|---|
| Location | Inside the joint (cartilage & bone) | Tendons surrounding the joint |
| Type of Pain | Deep, aching pain | Sharp, localized pain |
| Stiffness | Common, especially in the morning | Usually minimal |
| Swelling | Common | Mild to moderate |
| Range of Motion | Decreased | Usually normal unless tendon is stressed |
| Cause | Degeneration, injury, inflammation | Overuse, strain, repetitive movements |
| Common Sites | Knee, shoulder | Rotator cuff, biceps tendon, patellar tendon |
| Treatment Focus | Joint preservation | Tendon healing & inflammation reduction |
This comparison makes it easier to identify whether your symptoms point toward joint arthritis or tendon irritation.
How Specialists Diagnose Arthritis vs. Tendonitis
A proper diagnosis begins with a detailed clinical evaluation. Dr. Swanson uses advanced diagnostic tools to differentiate between joint-based and tendon-based pain.
Physical Exam
A specialist evaluates:
- Joint alignment
- Tenderness location
- Range of motion
- Pain during specific movements
- Signs of swelling or instability
Diagnostic Imaging
Imaging helps confirm the source of pain:
- X-rays reveal arthritis-related cartilage loss, bone changes, or narrowing joint space.
- MRI helps assess tendon tears, inflammation, and soft-tissue damage.
- Ultrasound may be used to visualize tendon irritation or fluid buildup.
These tools ensure the correct diagnosis and help guide treatment recommendations based on the severity of the condition.
Arthritis Treatment Options
1. Physical Therapy and Activity Modification
Strengthening surrounding muscles can improve joint support and reduce pain.
2. Medications
Anti-inflammatory medication may help relieve symptoms and improve mobility.
3. Orthobiologic Injections
Dr. Swanson offers advanced regenerative treatments including:
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)
PRP uses concentrated platelets to reduce inflammation and promote healing in early arthritis.
Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate (BMAC)
BMAC delivers regenerative cells to help repair deeper tissue damage associated with moderate arthritis.
4. Minimally Invasive Procedures
Shoulder and knee arthroscopy can address certain structural problems that worsen arthritis symptoms. When surgical intervention is required, Dr. Swanson integrates Enovis-supported planning and surgical systems to help optimize joint alignment and procedural accuracy.
5. Joint Replacement Surgery
When arthritis becomes severe, Dr. Swanson offers:
- Partial knee replacement
- Shoulder replacement, including advanced implant systems supported by Enovis technology and augmented-reality guidance to improve surgical accuracy and implant positioning
By incorporating Enovis surgical solutions, Dr. Swanson enhances procedural precision and consistency, helping patients achieve improved joint function and durability after shoulder replacement.
Tendonitis Treatment Options
1. Physical Therapy
Restoring flexibility and strengthening surrounding muscles reduces stress on the affected tendon.
2. Activity Modification
Repetitive movements may need adjustment during recovery.
3. Orthobiologic Injections
PRP and BMAC injections can promote tendon healing, making them valuable for chronic or recurring tendon irritation.
4. Minimally Invasive Procedures (When Needed)
Some tendon injuries—especially those involving the shoulder—may require arthroscopic treatment if conservative care fails.
When to Consult a Joint Pain Specialist
You should seek evaluation when:
- Pain persists for more than a few weeks
- You notice swelling, stiffness, or reduced mobility
- Pain worsens with movement or activity
- Your symptoms interfere with exercise or daily tasks
- You cannot determine whether your pain is tendon-related or arthritis-related
Early diagnosis improves treatment outcomes and helps prevent long-term joint damage.
Discover the Right Diagnosis, and the Right Treatment
Understanding whether your pain is caused by arthritis or tendonitis is the first step toward relief. Dr. Christopher Swanson offers advanced diagnostic imaging, orthobiologic treatments, minimally invasive procedures, and joint-preserving care to help you move comfortably again.
Schedule an appointment with Dr. Christopher Swanson for a comprehensive evaluation and personalized arthritis or tendonitis treatment plan in Jacksonville, St. Johns, or Fleming Island.
Frequently Asked Questions
How can I tell if my joint pain is arthritis or tendonitis?
Arthritis causes deep joint pain and stiffness, while tendonitis creates localized, activity-related pain. A specialist uses imaging and exams to confirm the diagnosis.
Is tendonitis easier to treat than arthritis?
Typically, yes—tendonitis often responds well to rest, therapy, and orthobiologic injections. Arthritis may require additional treatments to address joint degeneration.
Can arthritis and tendonitis occur together?
Yes. Tendon irritation may develop when arthritic joints alter movement patterns.
What is the best treatment for tendonitis pain relief?
Activity modification, physical therapy, PRP injections, and occasionally minimally invasive procedures are effective options. When surgery is necessary, Dr. Swanson may incorporate Enovis-supported surgical technologies to improve accuracy and optimize patient outcomes.
When should I see a doctor for joint pain?
If pain lasts longer than expected, interferes with daily activity, or includes swelling or weakness, professional evaluation is recommended.
